Effect Of Employee Assistance Programs Essay Example For Students

Impact Of Employee Assistance Programs Essay The Effect of Employee Assistance Programs At the WorkplaceThroughout the business world, probably the biggest issue singular organizations face is the utilization of unlawful medications and liquor. These substances extraordinarily influence the business and work environment conditions for some people. Worker help programs were made to help manage enlarging substance misuse issues. Representative help programs empower an organizations and its laborers to identify if a colleague is having issues and helps in helping them to conquer their issues by offering them guidance or proposing directing. Pundits have seen a few issues with this program. One issue is the absence of privacy and the way that collaborators and supervisors are hesitant to face their laborers. With the end goal for organizations to limit their loss of cash, and for representatives to quit demolishing their lives and the lives around them, the worker help program is a need. Proper counteraction and intercession endeavors with representative help projects will spare organizations from losing experienced workers, and spare workers from disappointment and even passing. The most colossal issues that organizations are looking in the Nineties are the maltreatment of medications and liquor. Liquor abuse is characterized as a ceaseless, dynamic, and lethal malady. The American Medical Association has perceived liquor addiction as an illness since 1956 (Scanlon 9). A heavy drinker is distinguished as having an extreme reliance, or enslavement, and a total example of practices related with drinking. Liquor addiction is clear when somebody is every now and again alcoholic, having marriage issues, driving while inebriated, getting terminated, or being captured (Drug Abuse). A huge contrast between being a heavy drinker and a medication fiend is that sedates, regardless of what the age of the client, are illicit. Medication misuse is characterized as the utilization of a medication for a reason other than for its conceivable proposed clinical reason, which makes an individual be impeded truly, inwardly, and socially. In the two cases individuals utilize these substances as an approach to escape from their issues, and as a method of deferring up and coming issues in their lives (Scanlon 10). Substance misuse is the abuse of any substance prompting lost authority over psyche and body. Representative help programs were established in 1971, and they: â€Å"Have been attempting to create and keep up the most ideal work environment relationships†¦ EAP individuals adhere to proficient measures and a severe code of morals, which incorporates a strong promise to secure and maintain confidentiality† (Dickman 7). Worker help programs (EAP) are intended to help with finding and to help in taking care of profitability issues related with representatives hindered by liquor, drugs and whatever other issues that influence the workers work execution. The cost ranges from $12 to $35 per worker for an EAP program. Organizations putting resources into an EAP instead of a protection strategy spare somewhere in the range of $5 to $16 per representative (Goldberg 1). This ends up being extensively less expensive for an organization that will significantly profit by the utilization of this program. Loss of profitability inside an organization is the significant reason for organizations beginning to execute worker help programs. Organizations free billions of dollars because of substance misuse. The monetary cost set on society from liquor and medication misuse was evaluated at $246 billion of every 1992 and $276.3 billion out of 1995. Absolute loss of potential efficiency coming about because of long haul private treatment of liquor and medication abusers was $2.233 billion. Customers with essential medication issues cost $694 million. Customers with liquor issues cost $577 million, while cross-dependent (Drugs and liquor) customers cost $962 million. 60% of these expenses are ascribed to misfortunes in the working environment, which is around $82 billion in lost likely profitability (Economic). It is realized that 70% of individuals that take drugs have a vocation (Gerhart 46). The degree of stress achieved in a specific occupation and commonness of medications are straightforwardly identified with one another. The more pressure a vocation causes to its laborers the higher the possibility those laborers have of turning out to be substance abusers. Memory1 Essay A much bigger issue with worker help programs is classification. EAP’s have their customers sign structures expressing that everything shared during directing will stay classified, aside from in situations where potential mischief might be incurred upon the customer or others. This represents a possible issue. In most substance misuse cases the worker, could hurt oneself or another person, regardless of whether the damage is done legitimately or in a roundabout way, because of the probability of this difficult individuals are losing their positions says Beason, a correspondent for the â€Å"The Seattle Times†. Numerous individuals catch wind of these cases and don’t trust their advisors or the representative help program. The customers discussing their issues add to their opportunity of losing their employment. As expressed in a business magazine, a laborer was found manhandling drugs by his manager. His boss sent him to a worker help guide for help as opposed to terminating him. The worker told the advocate that he got refered to for driving while inebriated. The worker was later terminated (Beason C1). Most laborers that perceive their substance misuse issues won't trouble finding support because of the dread of losing their employment and pride. Representative help programs are no ifs, ands or buts the best path for organizations to manage diminished profitability and substance misuse issues influencing their significant workers. Disregarding the issue of substance maltreatment in the work environment can cost organizations generous measures of cash and conceivably their employee’s life. The high recuperation rates from these projects demonstrate their viability. This program depends on the conviction that these issues can be effectively settled if the worker is happy to look for help and seek after advising. At long last, the consequence of utilizing worker help programs, help to improve the work atmosphere help representatives with individual issues that influence their activity execution. Business Reports

My Trip to Disney World free essay sample

Disney World I ate and drank such huge numbers of wonderful treats, for example, Funnel Cakes, Hot mutts, Cotton Candy, Coke Cola, Chocolate Milkshakes and considerably more. As you probably are aware Disney World have a lot of rides, the ride I cherished the most was Space Mountain which is an inside exciting ride in obscurity I love crazy rides. We likewise rode on Splash Mountain and The Tower of Terror which I terrified of however it wound up to be another ride I delighted in riding. It was a heart-exciting ride that made me somewhat anxious, however at long last, I delighted in it. The laser light show was the most delightful thing I at any point seen, it was a twenty brief demonstration of lasers, lights, firecrackers and movement and moving waters. The show additionally comprised of the entirety of the Disney characters and fifty entertainers took part in the show. The show is really recounting to a story and obviously Mickey Mouse is the individual telling it with his little wand. We will compose a custom article test on My Trip to Disney World or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The following morning we went to MGM Studios. This park was all film subject proposals in the background looks at Hollywood-style activity with live shows, exciting attractions, behind the stage visits and unique occasions that just occur in this Disney Park committed to ntertainment. Which I think my educators appreciated more than the children on account of the Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular and they gave them a brief look at up and coming film creations and live shows. The Studio Backlot Tour which took us on an excursion and gave us how certain faculties from motion pictures where really made. We were likewise taken on a Journey through old scene props utilized in Hollywood film creations. What I enjoyed most about this park was the rides since it resembled I was in the film the ride was all in 3D. The last morning we as a whole woke ahead of schedule to get away from the long queues of individuals at the Epcot Center since we were leaving that day. The principal ride we jumped on was Space Ship Earth (the tremendous golf ball) it was a delicate ride that took us from the hour of stone age men to future hundreds of years. The Epcot Center spotlight on mechanical headways, advancement, we likewise visited the Living Seas. There were models of recorded driving hardware in the line zone. There were likewise huge aquariums loaded up with extraordinary tropical fish and stunning ocean plants. We had burned some major calories from the entirety of the displays, so we chose to eat at the Coral Reef Restaurant. After lunch we started visiting the entirety of the nations in plain view, for example,

Corporate Governance and Ethics Mining of Minerals

Question: Portray about the Corporate Governance and Ethics for Mining of Minerals. Answer: Foundation Of The Company BHP Billiton is an Australian organization related with mining of minerals, metals and oil. As indicated by the market estimations of 2015, it is the universes biggest organization identified with mining and the fourth biggest organization in Australia as for income. Preceding this report, BHP Billiton was Australias biggest organization as far as the income created by it. The organization was joined in the year 2001 as the consequence of a merger between Anglo-Dutch Billiton and Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. The piece of the organization, which is enlisted in Australia, is basically recorded on Australian Securities Exchange. The worldwide base camp of BHP Billiton and its Australian enrolled office is arranged in Melbourne, Australia. During the companys progress from the year 2001 the organization has effectively positioned offered and obtained authority over huge numbers of its opponent organizations, for example, petro peddle vitality, WMC Resources and Rio Tinto Group (Acharya et al. 2013). BHP Billiton works in more than 25 nations around the globe in the market of mining, gas creation, preparing and even creation of oil. The organization has more than 41,000 workers on its rundown as on March 2016. The organization had recorded 250 million barrels of oil, 230 measurement tones of ironore, 1.7 Million tons of copper and 40 metric huge amounts of coal (Market Realist 2016). BHP Billiton has a social approach of giving 1% of its three years normal benefit in programs dependent on network improvement. The organization has likewise made US$ 100 million gift to magnanimous elements. It is one of the 90 organizations, which has been approved to concentrate and market petroleum derivative on the planet (BHP Billiton, 2016). Models For The Review With the end goal of the audit of dreary execution of BHP Billiton Limited in the ongoing occasions, corporate administration standards and suggestions gave by the ASX Corporate Governance Council are utilized. These core values give eight rules for better administration of an association (Council and Exchange 2014). The primary rule is related with establishing a strong framework for the executives and keeping reconnaissance over its exercises. It is the obligation of the association to reveal the obligations and job of individuals from the administration advisory group (Hermalin and Weisbach 2012). The subsequent rule gives us that the leading group of the organization must be viable and its arrangement as for size and obligation of appropriately playing out its obligations must be sufficient. As per the third rule, the dynamic done by the organization ought to be moral and discerning. The fourth rule for better corporate administration gives that, the detailing of the companys budgetary undertaking must be finished by the organization with care and the organization ought to include a structure inside it to verify and ensure the honesty of such reports. The fifth core value gives that it is the ethical commitment of the organization to uncover in a reasonable and ideal way, material issues iden tified with the organization. As per the 6th rule, it is the ethical commitment of the organization to secure the enthusiasm of the investors and offer help for the best possible execution of their privileges. The seventh rule of the code gives that the organization ought to make an intense framework to distinguish and discourage dangers, the executives issues and with the end goal of interior control. The last rule of the code gives that it is the lawful and moral obligation of the organization to pay appropriate and only compensation to the representatives as for the exertion given by them towards the organization (Council, 2014). The core values give by The Global Network of Director Institute towards great administration can likewise be considered to audit the presentation of BHP Billiton constrained . These rules give about great administration regard to authoritative culture, duties, freedom of chiefs, revelation of practices, assignment rules, initiative, and hazard, relationship with the executives, correspondence, advancement and compensation. Both these codes gave by The Global Network of Director Institute and ASX Corporate Governance Council are fundamental to the achievement and development of any associations. The poor administration of BHP Billiton Limited, which is majorly affecting its development, can be looked into and investigated through correlation with these standards and rules. The correlation and use of these standards to that of the poor administration of BHP Billiton Limited will give a superior image of what is turning out badly in the organization and how it tends to be changed (ArAs 2016). Basic Review Of The Organization As of late BHP Billiton Limited has been in news because of the low number of creation concerning iron mineral. The creation of iron mineral by the organization has purportedly fallen 6% year over year. The creation of copper by the organization additionally fell 6% alongside oil based commodity, which recorded a 15% year over year decrease underway (Bocken et al. 2013). As per the creation report distributed by BHP Billiton, restricted the CEO of the organization Andrew Mackenzie said that the decrease underway is was expected to unbalancing of the market and the creation will improve throughout the following 18 months. He included that the cost of copper and iron have been more fixed than they had accepted and they will keep on satisfying the need of the items through their creation. As indicated by the CEOs and the companys official site, everything is going easily for the organization. As a general rule, the future for the organization is hopeless and low creation and lower benefits are reflecting it. BHP Billiton Limited has endured lost $6.30 billion until June in the budgetary year 2016 when contrasted with the benefit of 1.81 billion the organization had made a year prior. Nature in the short term is relied upon to remain hard for the organization in the coming years. The development of the organization is expected to stay low for the remainder of the year too. The choice of recording the organizations costly resources in the earlier year likewise hammed the advancement of the organization. BHP Billiton had additionally cautioned the investors that the partitioned arrangement received by the organization will undoubtedly change because of the poor state of the companys progress. When contrasted with the 124 pennies separated per share given by the organization in the earlier year the organization has this time declared just 30 penny for every offer profits for the investors. The absolute obligation upon the organization has likewise expanded 7% when contrasted with the earlier year and has ascended to $26.1 billion (Drexler,Black and Sparks 2015). These frustrating outcomes by the organization recommend that there are numerous inside issues inside the organization, which are pounding its development (Wintoki, Linck and Netter 2012). The chiefs of the organization are not acting mindfully towards the administration of the drawn out achievement of the organization and are being unequipped for tending to the requirements for the companys appropriate development. The constitution of BHP Billiton Limited accommodates the autonomy of chiefs while taking choices. Be that as it may, the choices taken by the chiefs of BHP Billiton Limited isn't looking persuading and its appears as though they are aggregately taking incorrectly choices which are influencing the development and progress of the organization. As indicated by the standards and rules talked about over, the improvement of the organization must be accomplished if the chiefs of the organization take free right choices without impact for some other source (Joseph, Ocasio and Mc Donnell 2014). The prima faice perspective on the records gave by the organization through its official site recommends that the organization has all regions identified with policymaking and quality of the supervisory group secured. In any case, an in dept examination of the piece of the administration panel of BHP Billiton Limited gives the view that the administration of the organization isn't gifted and proficient enough to help the development of the organization in conditions which are not in favor . The corporate administration rules give that the organization should have a powerful supervisory group and the sythesis of the board ought to be satisfactory to deal with the undertakings of the organization effectively and viably (Nini, Smith and Sufi 2012). The assignment methodology for the governing body of an organization needs to clear and straightforward to take out the presence of any exploitative demonstration as for designations. On paper the selection and arrangement of executive strategies of BHP Billiton Limited is clear and straightforward. In any case, practically speaking, such standards are once in a while followed by the organization and the consequence of such dishonest acts are considering the advancement and development of the organization. These standards not just assistance to help the development of business yet in addition keep up a feeling of straightforwardness in the organization, which makes the investors, and financial specialists have a sense of safety (McCahery, Sautner and Starks 2016). The choices taken by the chiefs of the organization ought to be founded on precise data and economic situations; they ought to approach fitting and bona fide data about the market and ought to be sufficiently gifted to comprehend its conditions. The choices taken by the chiefs of BHP Billiton constrained isn't ending up being satisfactory and advocated enough to improve the current circumstance in the organization. The mining market is hitting a new depressed spot each week and the chiefs of BHP Billiton Limited are not having the option to adapt of to the issue state of the market. This failure to fix the issue is by the chiefs is in the long run considering the horrible showing of the organization (Tricker 2015). The board ought to know about when to face challenge and when to play safe. The given economic situation of the mining and oil showcase doesn't consider hazard, the market is so unc

Interior Design spaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inside Design spaces - Essay Example The differentiations are delicate, the high contrast photograph that is over developed the divider mirroring the tints of violet. While carefully deciphered as moderate, the employments of shading mollify the general look. The room in Fig. 1 has a similar idea of shading use, the somewhat acidic green in a wide variety of tint, for the most part in the medium range. While the violet and white of Fig.2 appear to include a range inside a similar shading, the greens have a variety of to tones, one marginally more yellow than the other. The creative theme strings the shading all through the room, taking into account intrigue and development. The two rooms utilize a roundabout theme with aesthetic contacts to characterize the structure components of the space. The two rooms utilize a dim floor that contrasts against the white pieces inside the room, making a lifted vibe to the rooms that maintains the concentrate high. The central focuses inside the space isn't identified with the capacit y of either room, however what explicitly relates the room in Fig. 1 to the room in Fig. 2 is that they are about the shading story that is told. While the rooms are comparable, the distinction that can be acknowledged is that the shading use in Fig. 2 is mellowed through the mix with the tones of dim, while the tones in Fig. 1 substitute high differentiation, the greens facing the brilliant white.

President John F. Kennedys Inauguration Speech Analysis

President John F. Kennedys Inauguration Speech Analysis Conceptual This paper gives an expository investigation of President John F. Kennedys introduction discourse. Included is the kind of content it is, the place it was first spoken, and the principle objective. My investigation of this discourse incorporates his reasonable source of inspiration for the American individuals to join with the remainder of humankind to guarantee human rights, opportunity, harmony, and steadiness for the world. Additionally, the bigger discussion included is the means by which we as Americans, live in a to some degree idealistic culture where different nations don't and we have to assume the liability to guarantee this appropriate for everybody. Kennedy uses every one of the three enthusiastic interests, climate expressed explicitly or derived, yet his most utilized was his intrigue to the feelings of the crowd. Additionally broke down is his fruitful utilize formal and casual style which is deduced and association which prompts the end that incredible profound respec t for this man can emerge out of this discourse just as a call to obligation that we would all be able to take upon ourselves with the duty to complete this extraordinary keeps an eye on hopeful ideas for the world. JFK Inauguration Speech John F. Kennedys Inaugural discourse was given on January twentieth, 1961. He addressed the residents of the United States, yet to the whole world. Unmistakably his principle objective was to bring together the whole human race and to improve the world a spot for everybody. John F. Kennedy was approaching all Americans to be the distinction, to stand firm, to roll out the improvement, and to do what is ethically right. There was an incredible reference to our nation being the first to rebel against the desire of covetous men, and that we are the beneficiaries of that upset with the obligation to maintain and carry essential human rights to every single individual over the globe. His extraordinary utilization of rationale and incredible feelings utilized all through the discourse brought this feeling of obligation, contended his source of inspiration, and permitted his words to be very successful in the unification of the residents of the United States and the remainder of the world t ogether. Perfect world is the world that rings a bell in the wake of perusing President Kennedys initiation discourse. In his source of inspiration, he demonstrated that his organization would be the start of progress for the improvement of mankind and should forge ahead. He states to Let the word go forward from this time and spot, to companion and enemy the same, that the light has been passed to another age of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, trained by a hard and harsh harmony, glad for our antiquated heritageand reluctant to observe or allow the moderate fixing of those human rights to which this country has consistently been submitted, and to which we are submitted today at home and around the globe (1961). We as Americans put stock in freedom and equity for all individuals; we are largely relatives of the officers who battled in the progressive war to stand joined in maintaining such standards. Having this equivalent foundation, President Kennedy carries more to the unif ication of the residents of the United States. As expressed already, Kennedy further carries an association with the crowd through a metro call to obligation, which is coordinated to everybody. He states to the crowd and the world to Ask not what your nation can accomplish for youask what you can accomplish for your nation (1961). In spite of the fact that this is a gigantic duty to the individuals of the United States, he makes the affirmation this is conceivable if every resident invests the energy to have any kind of effect. Through the exertion of a whole country consolidated, the United States will have the option to improve the world. Notwithstanding joining the residents of the United States as a solitary element, President Kennedy at that point keeps on joining humankind as a solitary element also. For instance, he made the reference to partners whom we share comparable qualities and social starting points with, our sister nations, just as the United Nations, from which he makes a vow to the a wide range of social orders the world over that we will guarantee that all humankind will be given equivalent human rights. He keeps on building up his subject of unification by references to objectives and societies normal to which we share with nations all through the world. Accordingly, he adequately joined all people all through the world as one. All through his discourse, movement of shared foundations and ethics are utilized to join the residents of the United States and the remainder of the world to achieve similar objectives that likewise join us together. Kennedy at that point keeps on joining the world by expressing that regardless of whether we neglect our comparable foundations, we as Americans share a center arrangement of qualities, of ethics, of morals too. President Kennedy utilizes these qualities, these moral and good interests in his discourse to join the nation much further. He expresses that Now the trumpet gathers us againnot as a call to carry weapons, however arms we neednot as a call to fight, however troubled we are nevertheless a call to tolerate the weight of a long dusk battle, throughout each and every year, celebrating in trust, understanding in tribulationa battle against the shared adversaries of man: oppression, neediness, ailment and war itself (1961). There is a distinct association made, with the presidents capacity to affect the world and the crowd having exactly the same ability to have an effect on the whole world. With this, the crowd can acknowledge President Kennedys call to obligation which at that p oint, continues to acknowledge his discourse as being very compelling. Kennedy was attempting to join all Americans and all people as they exist on this planet and to carry the crowd to his call to obligation. He utilized Americans shared foundations and their guiding principle to fortify his call to obligation just as associate the nation as one. His source of inspiration depends on the three logical interests, ethos, emotion and logos. He has advanced genuinely to the crowd with nationalism, expectation, and equity for all people. Kennedy utilizes the complexity of emotions, for example, pride and dread and pity, which works to pass on his source of inspiration. He at that point used these pessimistic feelings of pity felt by the crowd for parts of the world that have individuals living in neediness which drive individuals further into his call to obligation (1961). Kennedy makes these undesirable sentiments in a fruitful endeavor to push individuals to free themselves of such feelings. At that point, conversely, he keeps on using passionate interests by inspiring pride in bringing together America and the world. He continues upholding his call to obligation through passionate intrigue. Last, yet not least, he has utilized explanation by they way he utilized American qualities and the circumstances and logical results of the insurgency in America to turning into a nation who has faith in freedom and equity for all. His entire discourse bodes well and streams well together from point to point. Kennedys usage of feeling, speaking to the feelings of his crowd is of most significance to his debut discourse, in which the main point was to bind together all Americans and the world together. He states to Let us start anewremembering on the two sides that thoughtfulness is definitely not an indication of shortcoming, and genuineness is constantly liable to verification. Let us never haggle out of dread. Be that as it may, let us never dread to arrange (1961).ã‚â Kennedy passed on himself as a man of extraordinary trustworthiness that the crowd and the world had no real option except to confide in him. From my point of view, there was not a solitary legitimate false notion to be found in this whole discourse. Additionally, the discourse was effective in associating the individuals of various foundations on the planet which puts extraordinary accentuation on his source of inspiration. Plainly he was fruitful in passing on his objective of moving in the direction of giving the individuals of the whole world with human rights just as harmony and solidness. We can finish up by expressing the way that Kennedy had an ideal vision for the world. In his end, he expresses that Whether you are residents of America or residents of the world, ask of us here a similar exclusive expectations of solidarity and penance which we ask of you. With a decent soul our solitary sure prize, with history the last appointed authority of our deeds, let us go forward to lead the land we love, asking His approval and His assistance, however realizing that here on earth Gods work should genuinely be our own (1961). His source of inspiration indicated how excellent and mindful a man he is, and demonstrates no ifs, ands or buts that we should all assume liability for making the world in which all are allowed life, freedom, and opportunity. References Kennedy, John F. (1961). John F. Kennedy Quotations, President Kennedys Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961. Recovered from https://www.jfklibrary.org/Research/Research-Aids/Ready-Reference/JFK-Quotations/Inaugural-Address.aspx Life of John F. Kennedy. Recovered from https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/Life-of-John-F-Kennedy.aspx

Cloud Audit And Compliance Essay Example

Cloud Audit And Compliance Essay Example Cloud Audit And Compliance â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Cloud Audit And Compliance” is an excellent example of an essay on information technology. Cloud audit is the science of computing that involves storing information online, by means of the internet. This technological advancement has numerous benefits such as the creation of worldwide data accessory, where one can get the data from any part of the world through the internet. The service providers of the cloud audit and computing have information backup, which ensures that no information can be lost whatsoever. The Cloud Service Provider or (CSP) keep prices low by using sites in countries with lower cost. However, this science of computing has raised different arguments, creating varied perspective among the Cloud service providers and their customers. As argued out by ALI (2012), the customers doubt the Privacy Compliance of the CSP. Various nations have varying rights regarding the data that you hold about their citizen. The customers are not assured of the priva cy of their data. Typically, an individual can ask to see this data or have this data destroyed whereas this data must be confidential and not have been shared with other parties without the express permission of the individual. However, Public Cloud-based data has additional challenges. This aspect has been caused by the varying regulations between countries. Customers anticipate that with stricter privacy controls forced by law in their nations, the future of the Cloud Computing will ensure the privacy of their information. On the same issue, geographical compliance is a challenge to the CSP. The science of cloud computing is advancing swiftly, while the regulations on this service remain to differ regionally. The compliance of the CSP on these regulations is far much opposite since they seem unaware or uninterested in current regulations. These regulations lie of the basis of where the data is stored, where the data is processed or where the individual resides that the data con cerns. However, the compliance issues with cloud computing seem to be coming to an ultimate solution as, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Directorate for Science, Technology, and Industry is implementing guidelines on the protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data to ensure that the privacy of the customers is achieved (Bachlechner, Thalmann Maier 2014).

MBA Admissions Profile Sales Experience; StartUp Goal; 700GMAT

This blog post is one in a series of MBA applicant profile evaluations called â€Å"What are My Chances?† authored by Michelle Stockman. Michelle, who started consulting for Accepted in 2007 and worked previously in the Columbia Business School admissions office, will provide selected applicants with school recommendations as well as an evaluation of their qualifications. If you would like Michelle to evaluate your profile at no charge and as part of this series, please provide the information requested at http://reports.accepted.com/what_are_my_chances.   Profile 4: â€Å"Matt† the do-gooder Midwestern sales guy, with start up ambition Don’t forget your hometown advantage. -Background: 28-year-old white male from Midwest. Business major with 3.7 GPA from state university in Indiana. Scholarship cross-country runner and team captain. Matt, you’re like a lot of biz grads in the U.S., perhaps a bit bored after a few years in the workforce. You see a long, slow road ahead if you settle for climbing the corporate ladder. You seem to want to test yourself and follow your dreams. What you’ll need to prove to the admissions committee is your unique worth—what you have to offer to the rest of the student body in terms of skill, knowledge, and drive. What does set apart your undergrad experience is your strong extra-curricular as a scholarship cross-country runner while managing a very decent GPA. I’m sure your tenure as a team captain gives you several stories of leadership and teamwork. But college was a long time ago. Keep your application as much in the present as possible. -Work Experience: Four years as account manager at rapidly-expanding B2B technology firm†¨ in Chicago. Managed a sales team of 20 people. CFA level II candidate. You’ve got solid work experience on an upward trajectory at a, likely, regional firm that’s respected within the industry, but not a Blue Chip brand on the national or international stage. It’s fantastic that you’ve managed a sales team of so many people—shows you’ve got to know how to motivate and delegate. Can you quantify the impact of your leadership? On the other hand, I do wonder why you are pursuing your CFA. It doesn’t seem to mesh with your career path in sales, and I’m not sure a sales background would qualify you to become a charterholder. Perhaps it’s a side interest? -Short-term goal: Found a tech startup in the software industry. As an ad comm. member, I would have lots of questions about this goal. What is your idea, exactly? What kind of research have you done to show demand? As a sales guy, do you have the technical expertise needed, or do you already have partners in mind? Do you have any prior experience in start ups, or fundraising? You would need to connect the dots in the application. -Long-term goal: Eventually move into private equity investing. Ah, this is where the interest in the CFA likely comes in. If I were you, I would not reach so far with your long-term goal. If you’ve got a reasonable story to support entrepreneurship, stick with the long-term goal of growing your start up into a larger firm. Delving beyond that into private equity investing could be confusing to the ad comm. -GMAT: 700 45 Q/40 V. This is a pretty good GMAT, but the quant is a little low for the top echelon of schools. You may want to consider retaking if that’s your first try. A higher score would increase your competitiveness. -Extracurriculars: 5x volunteer for Christian summer service group building schools and water projects in Ghana. Run twice-weekly youth program at church. Wow, you’re a busy, faithful guy. These activities show long-term dedication and international reach. The ad comm. will want to see that you’ve moved up into leadership positions, and perhaps introduced some innovations to the projects.   It’s important to show you have values, but don’t get too preachy. The ad comm. may hold a different belief system from you. Focus on how you may have helped communities, and even better, individuals to improve not so much by the transformative force of a higher power, but by smart, innovative leadership on your part. -Schools: Stretch matches: Kellogg, Booth On-par matches: Michigan, CMU Tepper, Emory Goizueta, UT McCombs Safety matches: Notre Dame Mendoza, Indiana Kelley Final Note: Don’t forget your hometown advantage. You’ve done well in the Midwest, likely building up lots of respect and connections locally. You’d do well to tap into those by staying in the Midwest for b-school, and then through the connections you make, build out. Michelle Stockman is a professional journalist, former Columbia Business School admissions insider, and experienced MBA admissions consultant.

Human Nature Confucianism - 1138 Words

Human Nature in Confucianism The concept of human nature is somewhat debated in Confucianism and its followers. In the absence of a personal or supernatural god in this belief system, the question of whether someone is inherently good or evil does not have the same importance as it does otherwise. For example, Christians believe that they are created with sin and must create a certain form of relationship with their god to live a moral life. However, without such a personal god, the focus is more on human behavior than and sort of dogmatic debate. In fact, Confucius hardly ever touches on this issue but noted that by nature men are similar; by practice men are wide apart (Confucius, N.d.). The irrelevance of a static human nature that can be associated with Confucianism is one of the most interesting aspects of the belief system. Instead of the focus being on more of a definitional quality of mankind, the focus is more on the improvement of man on an individual level as well as the improvement of society in gen eral. Confucius seems to definitely possess the ability to see human behavior on a scale that includes the broader ramifications that it can have on a society. For example, Confucius sees the accumulation of wealth as a counterproductive ambition that only detracts from ones character. A rich man may lie around drinking all day and not work on improving himself, his relationships, or the society in general. Therefore, any version of such self-indulgence isShow MoreRelatedComparing The Attitude Towards Human Nature On Confucianism And Legalism1589 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Mengjun Li EALC 350 (25307) 23 October 2017 Compare the attitude towards human nature in Confucianism and Legalism (e.g. Han Feizi). What are the implications of these attitudes for other aspects of their philosophy, such as education and government? The Juxtaposition of Confucianism and Legalism Amidst the chaos and political turmoil characteristic of the Warring States period in Chinese history, Confucianism and Legalism arose as two prominent and competing schools of thought. These twoRead MoreEast Asian Concept Of Human Nature1715 Words   |  7 PagesEast Asian Concept of human nature Introduction The Eastern Asia region is diverse. It include: Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Taoism, Shinto and Christianity. Confucianism and Buddhism and Taoism have dominated most parts of the region with some states governing system being based on these religions. Chinese government, constitution and the administration policies have been based on the ethics of Confucian traditions and ethics as well as philosophy. 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Also there was other outside forces that played a major role in their theories. Nature and art were said to have helped shape the human race as we know it. Confucianism and Daoism seem to be complete polarRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucianism And Taoism902 Words   |  4 PagesThe religions, Confucianism and Taoism, both originate from indigenous Chinese beliefs and practices. Although they come from the same area in the world, they have several differences alongside their similarities. Additionally, they both are influenced by the Tao; however, they have different meanings behind the concept. Taoism can be summed up as appreciating all that is natural; whereas Confucianism is ideal society model created through a lifetime of relationship dedication. Neither of theseRead MoreConfucianism Vs Taoism1378 Words   |  6 Pages Confucianism and Taoism are some of the major religions in China. They have greatly influenced the culture of the Chinese people as well as their world view. 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In China, people are aware of the importance of believing in the yin and yang principles. The Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender states, the Chinese view yin and yang as opposites, where yin is dark and yang is light. They are alsoRead MoreConfucianism And Its Positive And Negative Sides986 Words   |  4 PagesThere are 3 notable figures in Confucianism Kongzi, Mengzi and Xunzi. Kongzi better known as Confucius is the founder of Confucianism. Confucianism also known as Ruism is a way of life taught by Confucius in the 6th-5th century BCE (it has existed for more than 2 millenia and followed by the Chinese). Confucianism is seen as an all-encompassing humanism that neither denies nor slights heaven. In this essay, I would like to state my view that Confucianism has its positive and negative sides. In

The Therapeutic Relationship Working Alliance, Respect...

The therapeutic relationship is consists of several factors such as working alliance, respect and empathy, and multicultural competency. The relationship as working alliance is how the therapist works diligently together with the client’s for good results. In the helping process, respect is vital to clients in a way that the client views the importance of the counseling. Empathy is another way of allowing your client know you care about them. Multicultural competent is denoting the importance of the therapist or helper advice that needs to be followed on being a successful counselor. Working alliance is a part of the helping process that the therapist are encouraged to be aware in the helping process. Greenson (1967) once stated that working alliance can join together relationship itself and the relationship-as-means-to-achieving-desired outcomes. According to Bordin (1979), working alliance was teamwork between the client and the helper committed to their goals and activities that were discussed in sessions. Bedi (2006) has stated that the researcher has praised the therapist views on being the helper versus no praises to the client views. Unlike, Bedi’s study expressed how client valued the helping setting, helper’s self-presentation, helper’s education, helper’s appreciation of the client, self-responsibility, and environment of the session. However, the debate between many therapists’ views is different on working alliance. Respect is an action that involvesShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Competency Essay909 Words   |  4 P agesunderstanding and valuing the differences of others† (Roysircar, 2004). Roysircar (2004) said that being able to embrace diversity into your approach to assessment and discretion is an essential part of the process of treatment and its outcomes. Cultural Awareness Moreover, Roysircar (2004) stated that when a counselor is accomplished he or she is aware of attitudes, and beliefs. This empathy sees client’s attitudes and beliefs from a unique perspective. It is by learning from others that are diverse traineesRead MoreAnnual Productivity Enhancement : Challenges And Resolutions Training Package1555 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to elevate the feelings. †¢ ETHICS †¢ Society today has an increasing amount of expectations, morals and values. With many ethical dilemmas in which professionals have onus of when working with the disabled and more so when there is a dual diagnosis whether interim or final. †¢ In this respect: †¢ An employee must weigh up the needs of participant, public infliction and support networks, irrespective within Lifestyle*. †¢ The Mental Health Act may be used only when it is the least restrictiveRead MoreHow Ethical Issues Affect The Dispensation Of Care Within The Multicultural Counseling Context3029 Words   |  13 Pagesculturally competent counseling practices, obtaining informed consent from the client before commencing with the interventions, striving to avoid harm to patients and their families as well as maintaining boundaries in the professional counseling relationship. There is also a need for initiating vibrant training programs to ensure that counselors understand the ethical issues inherent in the multicultural counseling context. Such training can aid in the provision of culturally competent services thatRead MoreChristian Counseling Ethics1839 Words   |  8 Pagesparticipation in an organized religion. In addition, this guideline is addressing professional responsibility and respect for people’s rights and dignity according to the American Psychological Association code of ethics. Counselors are to uphold professional standards of conduct, clarify professional obligations, and accept responsibility for their behavior. Furthermore, counselors are to respect the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, etc. Cultural, individual, and role differences needRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa, Case Study2389 Words   |  10 Pagestreatment does not require hospital admission and it is treated early. Long term illness can still be treated but with a poorer prognosis. A long duration of illness, vomiting in emaciated patients, coexisting psychiatric illness, disturbed family relationships, serious medical complications and later onset of illness are indicators of a poor outcome (ANZCP, 2004). The psychological impact is immeasurable as formative teenage years are spent in an obsessive eating disordered thinking. Those who ‘recover’Read MoreInfluencing Socio Political Cultural Factors Essay4922 Words   |  20 Pagesneighborhood and he uses his power to influence the Fabre family and the community. The first force of dominant culture evident in this film was the unalterable influence that society has in shaping subjective indications of what gender entails. In respect to Ludovic and the transgender community, the author will identify Ludovic with the pronouns she/her throughout this paper. The difference concerning gender and sexuality has been fundamentally switched throughout this movie. 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Using multiple approaches during Barbara’s assessment will include gathering information such as a clinical examination of the functioning and what her well-being is, an in-depth interview, a socialRead MoreEssay on Profession Issues in Counselling Person Centred12506 Words   |  51 Pagesof counselling:A person trained to give guidance on personal or psychological problems. â€Å"counselling is a helping process with the overriding aim of helping clients to help themselves† (Richard Nelson-Jones 1989). â€Å"counselling is a collaborative relationship between client and a trained counsellor and by incorporating theory, research and practice counsellor’s aim is to accomplish client’s selfawareness, acceptance and ultimately progression to change so as to function well and resourcefully but alsoRead MoreMy Journey as a Psychotherapist4426 Words   |  18 Pagesmy personal contribution to the therapeutic process. Through understanding my own journey I have selected theories that inform my own personal approach to counselling. In my experience this is one of the foundation processes that have enabled me to be able to practice therapy successfully. Kottler (2003) contends that therapists’ therapeutic responses are greatly influenced by the cultural, social and political context of the client. Therefore those therapeutic approaches are no longer appliedRead MoreMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 Pages– Marriage Guidance – facilitative couples counselling Theme ONE – Understanding couples Intimacy involves: love, affection and caring, deep attachment to another person. The TRIPOD of couple relationships An intimate relationship consists of three factors that form a tripod on which the relationship rests. 1. Passionate attraction (PA) 2. Mutual expectations (ME) 3. Personal intentions (PI) Passionate attractions (PA) → Individual experiences intensely pleasurable sensations when thinking

Shakespeare Movie vs Play - 712 Words

Shakespeares Othello: Movie (Oliver parker 1995) Vs. Play Oliver parkers Othello came out in 1995 with Laurence Fishburne as Othello this is also the first time Othello was played by a coloured actor, Kenneth Branagh as Iago and Irene Jacob as Desdemona. Parker kept the original plot and language intact, however the movie seemed to give Othello life through visual and audio aids. Parkers Othello enables the viewer to associate on a personal level and compliments to the anticipation and imagination of those who have read the play before watching the movie. The audio although normally overpowered by the visual aspect played a key role in defining and empowering the movie. The music was fast and uplifting during celebration and on†¦show more content†¦Some of the best visuals in Parkers movie adaptation of Othello were not in the script, the black and white chess pieces, water, wedding, sea burial, the dagger, and the glimpses of Cassio and Desdemona together. The chess pieces seem to symbolise Iagos plan to destroy Othello and Desd emona and also the sea burial later in the movie. Oliver used a lot of fire and water images throughout the movie, water seemed to represent ill fate, water foreshadows death or something bad. Desdemona was in the bath the night she was killed and Othello even washed is hands and face before he killed Desdemona. The fire and light in Olivers movie seemed to represent safety and warmth, When Othello is about to kill Desdemona he blows out the candle. The candle represents Desdemona and how her time to live is coming to an end. Oliver plays with light through the background, Scenes which involve Desdemona are bright and lit up until her death and scenes which involve Iago are dark and lack brightness.Othellos clothes were indicators to his own personal change in the beginning he would wear white and clothes different to the others but towards the end the clothes he was wearing were black. These colours reflect the moors mood at different times of the play. The movie however had some weak points that pulled it away from shakespeares original intent with the script. There was a lot more emphasis on sexuality in the movie than Shakespeares play intended. There is alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Tempest: 3 Differences Between the Play and the Movie952 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences Between The Play And Movie â€Å"The Tempest† â€Å"The Tempest† is a play written by William Shakespeare in early 1600s that has been previewed in different kinds of movies, such as the one made in 2010, directed by Julie Taymor. It is a play containing themes such as; revenge, allusion, retribution, forgiveness, power, love and hatred. When it is compared to the play, there are specific differences seen in the movie, such as; Prospero is reflected as a woman in the movie. 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Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, and even minor characters such as the witches all mold and shape Macbeth’s fate and make it a tragic one. In the Throne of Blood (1957) by Akira Kurosawa, a reenactment of the play by Shakespeare, high valueRead MoreTaming of the Shrew Compare and Contrast Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay â€Å"William Shakespeare vs Franco Zeffirelli: Who Did it Better?† â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† by William Shakespeare, is a very notorious play that has been rewritten and turned into multiple Hollywood films. One very popular version of the famous play is the movie directed by Mr. Franco Zeffirelli. Although most think that this version is the most accurate representation of the original play, there are still many distinct differences. 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Jersey Shore, Keeping Up with the Kardashians, The Bachelor, etc.) The reason behind the popularity of these ridiculous shows is quite simple: people find entertainment in watching others make fools out of themselves! Shakespeare was quite aware of this in his writing of Midsummer, with the characterization of Helena, the absurd quarreling between Oberon and Titania, and the foolish love of Hermia and Lysander. Before going any further, perhaps it is necessary to explainRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Vs. West Side Story1615 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 30, 2016 Romeo and Juliet vs. West Side Story Since the beginning of time people have been intrigued by the story of â€Å"two star-crossed lovers†, those who long to be together but never can. Such is the case of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet and the collaboration work, West Side Story. The purpose of this paper is to show the similarities and differences between these two tragic love stories. 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Makenzie Mcfall. Mrs. South. Language Arts 11 . 2 February

Makenzie McFall Mrs. South Language Arts 11 2 February 2017 Henry David Thoreau Things do not change, we change, wrote Thoreau, in perhaps his most well known book, Walden. He was a most interesting man and lived a life full of changes and his works are still relevant today. Thoreau did not follow the traditional paths that most did during his time. The results of a life lived on its on merits and free to explore and adapt has provided us with invaluable writings that are relevant today. To understand his life is to explore and change our own views. Life started out normal enough for Thoreau. His father operated a pencil factory locally while his mother remained at home. Although, she did rent out parts of their house to boarders†¦show more content†¦During this time in history, those with this level of education usually went into law, the church, business, or medicine (Britannica). None of these captured the interest of young Thoreau. What did gain his favor was teaching. He accepted a job at the Concord public school but quite a little while latter rather than having to punish a student. His response to this would later surface in another similar form in his life and led to an important writing. After he resigned, Thoreau teamed up with his older brother John, to open Concord Academy in 1838. They taught language but also brought forth some new styles of teaching. Henry wasn t happy with how he was taught at Harvard. The brothers introduced several progressive concepts such as nature walks and visits to local shops an d businesses (Britannica). The school stayed open till 1842. At which time, John passed away in Henry s arms due to tetanus. This part of Henry s life had to have a profound effect on him and the events together would be evident in his life and writings. Thoreau s life really changed over the years but he always held to his beliefs and stood up for them. I think that the death of his brother John and the school closing sent Henry on a path of self discovery. One such path was what led to him writing Resistance to Civil Government, also known as Civil Disobedience. Thoreau had become friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson who introduced him too many people. One of whom was Ellery

Art and Politics Free Essays

Art and Politics have gone hand in hand since the first cave paintings had been drawn on cave walls. As the cavemen may have found out through other fellow cave wall artists as well as their respective audiences, art is not just restricted to those who fancy themselves as artists. The fact that artwork – regardless of intent and purpose – may be viewed in various manner is enough to permit even the most amateur of artists into creating an artwork that someone somewhere may really like. We will write a custom essay sample on Art and Politics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence the conclusion that art or visual aesthetics, more particularly in this case, is subjective, giving truth to the adage â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. Popularity, however, and the power it holds over the masses, has a commanding way of dictating which the consumers â€Å"should† support. This control is then used for further manipulation of consumer-affective decisions of which the powers that be profit from. This is why there tends to be a trend of â€Å"Art politics† that seemingly commands the taste of people, resulting in the belief that great art comes from the production of the elite. One would be quick to dismiss Annie Leonard’s conclusion of American culture and practices affecting those of the cultures and practices of the southern hemisphere as ridiculous but there are certain points wherein there findings are seen to be true, most especially with the less than developed countries of which the United States of America hold key influential powers on consumption and culture. The other major players, on the other hand tend to have a rather stunted cultural and commercial development as the American trends continue to affect them. This however does not just hold true to the southern hemisphere, as the United States of America’s influence holds strong in many other countries north of the equator. Poet James Oppenheim’s composition Bread and Roses, for example, portrays the struggle for the ideal (roses) and the real (bread), of which the countries under the influence of the United States suffer from. Rather than pursuing the development of their culture, they are left to prioritize self-preservation. How to cite Art and Politics, Papers

Not Any More free essay sample

Peanut-butter sandwich, check. Judy Blume book, check. Water bottle, ballet bag and any evidence that I might not have gone to class check, check and check. I dropped my backpack and collapsed on a nearby grassy patch. Despite my reputation as the most athletic girl in seventh grade, the run had brought a red tinge to my cheeks and a dull ache to my side. The breeze blew up the hill from the playground, a chilly reminder that I didn’t have the luxury of carelessness. I pushed my bag behind an imposing tree, glancing over my shoulder down at the baseball fields. Parents filled the stands, watching their children play. Even from a distance, a few recognizable faces stood out, faces that would most likely break into a smile at seeing me. But not today. I checked my watch: 10:30. Rehearsal was just beginning, I wondered if they would even notice my absence. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Any More or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Doubtful. I had missed many classes in the past couple of months, but they didn’t seem to care; I had only received two phone calls on the machine, which I’d hurriedly erased. The elastic of my leotard dug into my hips. I shifted, inadvertently knocking my bag over. A shoelace fell out, a trivial trinket to most people. But not me. The dance studio was stark white the walls, ceiling and floor. We’re told that white accentuates the lines of a dancer’s body clothed in a dark leotard and pink tights. I don’t buy that for a minute. I read somewhere that modern interrogation rooms are whitewashed and intensely lit in order to disorient the suspect. Ballet requires brainwashing; very few would do it by choice. Fred De Mayo was my main instructor. He was a puzzle, with an Italian last name, Russian training and enough German colloquialisms to last through warm-up. He was old enough to have grandchildren, but young enough to have the energy to push girls to the next level. I’d watched the older girls as they prepared for auditions and went off to School of American Ballet, Juilliard and other companies. Then one day I realized something: they weren’t older anymore. It took me an entire episode of TRL to decide. I could see myself as a spy, I could see myself teaching kindergarten, I could even see myself practicing law. But not ballet. At the last class I actually attended, Mr. De Mayo gave out shoelaces to wear tied around our waists at all times to keep us aware of our stomach muscles. I’d dangled mine in front of me, like a failed test. That’s when I knew I had plied my final plie. Unfortunately, he wouldn’t announce the upcoming Parent’s Day until the following week. This was when all the mothers (including mine) would attend to watch the girls leap and stretch. She would watch many other daughters prance around, smiling at the crowd, shoelace bows bouncing. But not hers. I guess it must have been around that time that my mother came home pretty angry that I hadn’t been attending classes. After hours of begging, and rationalizing that my mind would be wasted in ballet, she finally conceded, with the stipulation that I finish out the quarter. But there was no way I was wrapping a shoelace around me and pretending to enjoy the last few days of torture, which is how I ended up underneath the oak tree, chewing my sandwich and reading chapter five of Blubber. In another hour and a half, I would begin my journey home, dodging looks from family friends at the baseball field, and conjuring up a tale of my last rehearsal to tell my mother. For the past eight years, I’d taken ballet lessons, and they had been a major part of my life. But not any more.

Baseball Essay Research Paper Baseball is a free essay sample

Baseball Essay, Research Paper Baseball is a game of accomplishment that is played with a difficult ball and a chiropteran between two squads of nine participants each at a clip on the playing field at one time. Although many different people play Baseball all over the universe it is most popular in the United States. It is so popular in fact, it is referred to as the national interest of the United States because of the tradition and popularity associated with the game. Baseball consists of many complicated regulations. It besides has a really luxuriant history. One can non to the full understand the game America has grown to love until larning about non merely the regulations but besides the history. History A popular fable of the history of baseball claims that Abner Doubleday, who was a Union officer during the American Civil War, invented baseball in Cooperstown, New York, in 1839. However, there is small support for this narrative. A more accurate response to the inquiry of how baseball originated would be that many bookmans believe that baseball was invented long before one would believe. For case there is grounds of games played with a ball and a stick even in the earliest of civilisations such as the ancient civilizations or the Persians and Egyptians. Such games continued to be played by civilisations throughout history but it was non until the early 1600s that Europeans foremost brought games affecting a ball and a stick to the Americas. There were assorted games played with a ball and a stick but the 1 that most resembled baseball was an English game called Rounders. The regulations of Rounderss are more crude than the 1s of modern twenty-four hours baseball but it was from this game which baseball as we know it most straight originated from. HOW BASEBALL IS PLAYED The regulations of baseball may look really complicated but they are most easy understood by watching the game itself. First of all a baseball game is divided up into 9 different periods called innings. After nine innings are up the squad that scored the most runs wins the game. Play begins when a hurler throws the ball toward a participant on the opposing squad. The hurler tries to throw the ball in the work stoppage zone, which is an fanciful box. If the ball is in the work stoppage zone, it is a work stoppage if non it is a ball. The participant whom the ball was thrown at attempts to hit the ball onto the playing field. A tally is scored when a participant hits the ball and runs around a series of bases before a participant on the other squad can acquire them out. A participant can be put out in many different ways. Each frame is divided into two halves, the underside, and the top. In each half of an inning one squad chiropterans while the other plays the field. If the mark is ti ed after nine innings are over so the game is continued into excess innings and is concluded when one squad is winning after an excess frame. These are the basic regulations of baseball. THE FIELD AND EQUIPMENT Baseball is played on a field, which normally covers about two estates. The field is divided into an baseball diamond and an outfield. These two parts are considered just district and the remainder of the field is considered foul. The baseball diamond is in the form of a diamond and is 90 foot on each side. One point of the diamond is place home base which hitters hit from. The other three points are bases: foremost, 2nd, and 3rd base. In the center of the diamond is a hurlers hill which is somewhat raised off the land. The borders of the diamond from place home base to first base and place home base to 3rd base are the disgusting lines, which extend all the manner to the wall in the outfield. Behind first base is right field, behind 2nd base is called centre field, and behind 3rd base is called left field. Fences are placed at the farthest bounds in the outfield. In disgusting district beyond the disgusting lines in the baseball diamond are dugouts where participants sit when they a re non playing or waiting to bat. Baseball besides consists of many pieces of equipment. Baseball equipment includes the followers: a difficult ball which has a cork centre and has a perimeter of 9 in. , a chiropteran made out of wood or aluminium, a cushioned leather baseball mitt which each participant uses to catch the ball, cleated places, and a helmet worn by hitters. There are certain regulations that limit the size, weight, and form of certain equipment. THE BASEBALL TEAM A baseball squad has nine participants on the field at one time. Each participant plays a specific place. The hurler throws the ball from the hurlers mound to get down drama. Each throw is called a pitch. The backstop receives the ball and returns it to the hurler unless the hitter hits the ball foremost. Besides catchin g pitches, the backstop covers place home base as good. The first baseman, 2nd baseman, and 3rd baseman are each in charge of a base. The shortstop bases in between 2nd and 3rd base. The infielders are responsible for acquiring the ball and seting out smugglers when the ball is hit to them. There are three outfielders who each base in left, right, and halfway field severally. While one squad is in the field the other 1 is at chiropteran. The squad chiropterans in a specific order. COACHES AND UMPIRES Several people help maintain the game under control such as directors, managers, and umpires. The director is the leader of the squad and decides whom dramas, where they play, and the order they bat in. Coaches assist the director and do determinations such as if a hitter should swing at a pitch or non. Umpires keep the game under control by implementing the regulations of the game and the regulations of behavior. For case, they decide if a pitch is a work stoppage or a ball. If a participant, manager, or director violates the regulations of behavior, the umpire might chuck out him from the game. Runing THE BASES If a participant hits the ball and the fielders cant field it he is awarded a base hit. When the smuggler gets a base hit he tries to progress as many bases as possible without acquiring out. Once a hitter reaches a base he can progress by stealing the base, running before the hurler throws the ball, or when another participant hits the ball in drama. Marking A tally is scored when a participant successfully makes it around all the bases without being put out. There are different ways to acquire around the bases. If a hitter goes around all the bases with one hit it is considered a place tally. A place tally is normally achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fencing. When a participant hits a place tally, all other participants on base mark besides. If there is a adult male on all three bases and a participant hits a place tally it is considered a expansive sweep. THE MAJOR LEAGUES Although baseball is played professionally all over the universe the most celebrated conference is the Major League Baseball Association of North America. The big leagues is made up of two conferences, the National League and the American League, with 15 squads in each conference. There are three divisions in each conference with five squads in each division. Each squad plays 162 games in a season and depending on their regular season record they may or may non do the playoffs. The six leaders in all the divisions all make the playoffs ; in add-on, the squad with the following best record in each conference makes the playoff as a wild card. The squads compete in series. The squads that win the most games in a series earn the right to travel on to the following unit of ammunition of playoffs. The concluding series in the conference playoffs determines which team wins the crown, or title, of their conference. After that, the title-holders of each conference drama eachother in the World Series. The victor of that game is considered the universe title-holder. PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL Many people may see professional Baseball every bit merely a clump of money hungry jocks viing for money non for their love of the game. This may or may non be true, but it was non ever like that. Up until the 1850s baseball was merely played to hold merriment and people played for their love and passion for the game non for money, but people started to see that money could be made from baseball so they started leasing out large parts of land so people could play. After that conferences were established and jocks started to be paid to play athleticss. This was a sad twenty-four hours for all the people who loved the game of baseball and all the tradition that surrounded it. Although participants were acquiring wages the tradition was still carried with the great athletics of baseball. Even though some of the tradition was lost when the game of baseball started to be played for money there were still those participants who played the game with all their bosom and psyche because they had a passion for it. So the people who started the tradition of baseball and made America? s pastime great such as Babe Ruth, Honus Wagner, and Joe DiMaggio will ever be remembered by those who play with the passion that resembles that of the work forces that were mentioned such as Ken Griffey, Jr. and Derek Jeter. These participants will forever acknowledge what a great game they are so privileged to be a portion of by its history, regulations, and the participants that made it all happen. Even if one does non hold every bit much passion for baseball as others one likely still hold with The Babe ( Babe Ruth ) when he said, ? Baseball was, is and ever will be to me the best game in the universe. ?

Leadership and Management Paper free essay sample

â€Å"Finest Touch† Event Specialist Jennifer Bailey Leadership and Management OM – 3503 Matthew Brown August 28, 2012 Introduction Jennifer’s â€Å"Finest Touch† Event Specialist is a company that takes pride in making your occasion distinct and unique. Our goal is to provide a custom designed affair that fits the expectations of the client for that special event. Upon discussing an idea of your dream vision for the day, we will design and coordinate a breath-taking setting that truly reflects your style and personality. Our personal consulting service will work to deliver an affair that will meet all your expectations. Communication is the key to our success. Consistent interaction with our clients is the key to ensure that the event comes together smoothly. Our goal and mission statement is to make sure all of our client’s ideas and wishes are carried out so the day can be enjoyed to the fullest. The purpose of this paper is to define and reference subjects that were taught in the Leadership and Management class OM3503 and explain how they can be utilized to build a successful business. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page WHAT IS LEADERSHIP? Leadership is defined as, a person who guides or directs a group (Hersey, Blanchard amp; Johnson, 2008). To be a great leader there are certain qualities that must be held. Examples of some of the skills required are, having the ability to influence, understand each situation, be authoritative and give direction in a positive manner in order to maximize the greatest potential from your employees. Use your employee’s strengths in a manner that is most beneficial for the company. Remember that people make the company. A great leader learns from experience. Leaders do not know everything. A valuable tool to utilize is listening to your employees. Take advantage of data provided and absorb the information, use it to your advantage. A great philosophy is that there are no dumb questions. Evaluate every situation and make the decision and if a mistake is made, use it as a learning tool. What type of leadership is needed for this specific business? L = f (l, f, s) The equation for leadership is L = f (l, f, s) (Hersey, Blanchard amp; Johnson, 2008). In translation, leadership is a function of the leader, the follower and other situational variables. There are numerous characteristics that are needed in building a successful business in being an event specialist. The goal of the business is to provide a pleasurable, memorable experience and if there are negative reviews the reputation of the company is at risk. Reputation in this type of business is an important factor in being successful. It is a highly competitive market and in order to be one of the best, the service provided has to be of the utmost quality. Employees have to be led in an organized manner in order to get the event fulfilled with no major issues or setbacks. Meeting or exceeding the expectations of the client the event is designed for is the major factor in becoming and maintaining a successful business. Theory â€Å"X† vs. Theory â€Å"Y† The â€Å"X† and â€Å"Y† theories both come into play in this type of business. The situational demand of the specific environment is a factor in determining the type of leadership approach that is needed. Theory â€Å"X† is defined as an authoritarian leader. This type of leadership is needed for guiding employees. The focus has to be placed on the task at hand. There is great detail that has to be satisfied in order for the event to successful. The emphasis on organization is important. Required responsibilities have to be defined to each employee. The expectation of what the employee is responsible for, when it is expected and how their tasks are accomplished has to be communicated to each employee. Consistent and effective leadership is required. Consistency between the leader and the employee enhances the learning ability of the employee to become the best he/she can be. Effective leadership will build the confidence of the employee and eventually he/she will be able to perform the tasks on their own with little guidance from the employer. Theory â€Å"Y† is defined as a democratic leader who focuses on the people or relationship. In the event planning business this element is important for communicating with the customer. People skills are a must. The relationship built is a form of trust that the customer is placing on you to provide the service. Trust is not only important for the customer but is important when dealing with vendors such as, photographers, caterers, hotels, rental halls, musicians etc. The relationship needs to be built and maintained so the vendors will be willing to work with your company on future engagements. Once this is developed with the vendors, the vendor becomes familiar with your expectations. The ability to communicate is established and the expectations are easily conveyed. Situational Leadership Task Behavior vs. Relationship Behavior Both task behavior and relationship behavior are major components in establishing a lucrative event planning business. Task behavior is one way communication between the leader and the follower (Hersey, Blanchard amp; Johnson, 2008). The responsibilities must be defined so the employee will know what is expected of him/her. If the tasks are not defined the employee is set up to fail. Communication is an integral part of getting the employee to become the best he/she can be. Positive communication empowers the employee to give all they have and builds the esteem that is needed to be their best. If the employee has little or no knowledge of what is expected of them the scheduled event could become a disaster. Relationship behavior is the leader participating in two-way or multi-way communication. (Hersey, Blanchard amp; Johnson, 2008). Building a relationship with an employee through listening, facilitating and giving an explanation on why something has to be done a certain way helps the employee understand why he is performing in the way to get the optimum result. Relationship behavior offers support which builds the confidence level of the employee. S1-S4, R1-R4 There is no set guideline on what is the best way to inspire people. The leadership style used should be contingent on the level of competency the employee has regarding the task that he/she is required to handle. There are four basic leadership styles. Style 1 (S1) is needed when you have an R1 employee (defined as an employee who is unable, insecure and unwilling to do the required task). S1 leadership is a high task/low relationship. The communication is one way and directives are given to the employee. Close supervision is required. There is not much room in the event planning business for this type of employee. The leader does not have the time to invest unless there is potential to build the confidence and attitude of the employee and change them from an RI type to an R2 or above. Style 2 (S2) is needed when you have an R2 employee (defined as an employee who is unable but confident or willing). S2 leadership is a high task/high relationship. Through two- way communication as the leader makes the decisions that the employee can follow. The leader needs to give praise and constantly evaluate the employee to see if they understand what is expected. This type of employee can possibly become a great employee if the ability to maintain the knowledge exists. Style 3 (S3) is needed when you have an R3 employee (defined as an employee who is able but is insecure or unwilling). S3 leadership is high relationship/low task relationship. The leadership encourages input, listens, let’s the employee make decisions and gives positive comments when the task is completed with no issues and when issues occur this leadership skill provides constructive criticism. This type of employee is worth investing in but the key for the event planning business is to turn them into an R4 employee. If this type of employee cannot build the confidence within himself/herself they become a liability that the leader has to watch over and there is no time for that in the event planning business. Style 4 (S4) is needed when you have an R4 employee (defined as an employee who is able, confident and willing). S4 leadership is low relationship/low task. The employee has the ability to know what needs to be done and little or no supervision is required. This is the perfect employee and is a must in the event planning business. If the employer has the time to invest in order to turn an average employee to a great employee they should do so. The ability to identify the needs of the employee in order to gain self-confidence can be developed into a valuable asset for the company. If the employee has the ability to grasp the knowledge conveyed to them the employer can mold them to fit their specific needs. Management Who Carries the Monkey on Their Back in the Event Planning Business? If the event planning business is owned privately by one or two individuals the monkey is carried on the back of the owners. Ultimately the owners are responsible if there is a failure. If the business is owned by a Corporation then it is the manager/leader in charge of the venue that is responsible for carrying the monkey. This is where the importance of hiring the right people for the job and training is important. Multiple tasks are going on during the event and management has to have confidence that their employees are fulfilling their portion of the detailed duties that are required. Value Added vs. Non Value Added Value added and non- value added in relation to the event planning business. People are willing to spend large sums of money to have the perfect wedding or celebration. The event planning business provides a service and if a customer pays for a service it must be provided. Value added is vital. One meticulous detail could be the determining factor if an event is a success or failure. If a contract is generated for a set amount and small details are not accounted for the event specialist could lose money or damage the company’s reputation. Non value added could be the deal breaker on whether you get the contract to host the event or lose it to another event specialist. The customer wants all and more for the dollar they are spending. If two contracts are being reviewed and there is non-value added services quoted the customer will notice and go with the company who can meet their expectations at the lowest price. Examples of non-value added are, if a customer pays for ten cases of champagne when only 8 were needed or if excessive food quoted. It is crucial that the event specialist knows how to quote for items such as food, refreshments, decorations, entertainment etc. Spending must meet quoted cost while maintaining quality service. CONCLUSION Leadership and management have two different skill sets. A manager focuses on the, how and when. A leader focuses on the, what and why. Neither skill set is better than the other. Influence and leadership skills can be switched to fit the needs at that moment. The type of leader/manager needed at that moment depends on the situation. The statement leads self/lead others has power. Lead self, lead others analogy. Learn to recognize changes that need to be made. Situations arise and how they are handled is noticed by the people around you. Learn self-control in your thoughts and actions in order to maintain the respect of the employees who look to you for guidance. This ability is hard to maintain but is a necessity needed in maintaining the business and building future business. The event planning business is very competitive. There is a large market and people are willing to spend the money in order to have the perfect event. Lifetime memories are created. If there are major issues and complications the reputation of the company becomes perceived in a negative way, which affects business. If the event is not pleasurable to the customer a treasured memory is damaged and can be devastating to the client. The event planning business is a detailed and organized profession. If those qualities can be achieved and retained the establishment should be rewarding and profitable. References Oncken, W. , Wass, D. L. , amp; Covey, S. R. (1999). Management Time: Who’s Got the Monkey?. Harvard Business Review, 77(6), 178. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Accession number: 2434961 Collins, J. (2001). Good to great, why some companies make the leap and others dont. New York: Harper Collins. Hersey, P. , Blanchard, K. , amp; Johnson, D. (2008). Management organizational behavior. (9th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

great wall of china 61 essays

great wall of china 61 essays There are many things in this world that people consider great. Some of which are people of places and some of which are things. Many years ago seven of these Great and wonderful things were placed into a group known as the, Seven Wonders of the World. These magnificent things include things like the Great Pyramids of Egypt, the Hanging Gardens, and the Great Wall of China. The Great Wall of China extends across the northern border of China. It extends to the northwest and north of Beijing. The wall is not just a straight wall, it extends across the mountainous terrain of northern China. At just about every point in the wall it zigzags in a wavy pattern. The wall also has many various heights and sizes in different areas and the path running along the top becomes broader in some areas (CarmenSandiego.com). Despite the various sizes in the wall, Astronauts who venture into space all claim that they could see the Great Wall of China from space while orbiting around the globe. Construction of the wall began in the seventh century BC. When this construction began, the actual goal set forth was not one enormous great wall. Instead each vassal state in the northern part of China, during the Zhou Dynasty, built their own wall across their northern border. The reason for the wall being various sizes is because the wall was not started in one place and constructed along to a final point. Each portion of the wall was not even started at the same time in history. Aside from the different vassal states building walls at different times, the wall being built by the Vassal State was constructed in different pieces. However, it was started at the same time and was designed by the same architect so it came out looking the same. The soul purpose for starting it in different sections was so that the construction was quicker to be completed and there was enough room for the massive amount of builders (Chinavista.com)...

The Influence of Peer Perception in Regard to Personal Development Essay - 1

The Influence of Peer Perception in Regard to Personal Development - Essay Example Peer perception plays a pivotal role in the decision-making of an individual, and at times, the decision made is simply a reaction to negative treatment by others. Telford claims that though it is possible for an individual to be well behaved and well-intended, consistent negative perceptions can change the person (p. 97). While society cannot be entirely blamed for one’s behavior, it contributes to a certain proportion. Similarly, the monster in Frankenstein was fueled by the negative perception towards it but it is not appropriate to conclude that it had no responsibility. Every monster a society creates must be dealt with it, lest it is a source of endless grief. Victor dedicated his time in creating a monster that later made his life unbearable. According to Charnick when a society unknowingly or otherwise holds and demonstrates negative perception towards a person or a group of people, there is a tendency by the victimized individuals to seek ways to avenge (17). In many cases, the relations between the two factions deteriorate to the extent of each side seeking the destruction of the other. A case in recent times is the negative treatment of people thought or known to be homosexual. While the Western countries have since accepted, many in the Asian and African countries have inhumane laws that threaten even to stone anyone proved to a homosexual. However, instead of this habit decreasing, Smith reported that in Uganda, for instance, men who practice homosexuality vowed to continue with their habits (p. 4). Victor created the monster but failed to own up; instead, he left and it ended up destroying everything and everyone he cared

- ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

- ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE - Research Paper Example Sukuk have gained popularity in Islamic finance as one of the best strategies to raise funds over the last few decades. Sukuk can be termed as legally acceptable certificates or securities issued in the Islamic economy with the intention to raise capital. These certificates serve the same purpose as bonds in the western economies. Bonds are not accepted in the Islamic finance structure since they carry an interest rate. Charging interest on securities is not acceptable under the Islamic sharia laws since it violates the principle of contractual certainty and mutual benefit between the financier and the debtor. According to the Islamic faith, wealth is God given, and mankind was created to guard and make good use of wealth and resources. In this regard, charging interest on bonds is against God’s will on equality and brotherhood. The Islamic sharia law is the foundation on which the Islamic finance is built. For any financial decision to be acceptable in the Islamic economies, it must fulfill all the requirements enshrined in the sharia law. Sukuk is an Arabic word used to refer to securities that are structured in accordance with the provisions of the Islamic law and intended to raise capital (Ariff, Iqbar, and Mohamed 13)Sukuk are used to stand in place of undivided shares in the ownership of real/visible assets concerning a specific investment undertaking. For Sukuk to be issued, there must be a clear record of the existing tangible assets on the balance sheet of the entity intending to raise capital. The process of issuing Sukuk starts by identifying the assets of the entity to assess their validity. The next step involves arrangement of an effective organizational structure that respects the Sharia law. Once an effective organizational structure has been established, the adjacent step involves the application of a suitable Sariah structure. Once that has been accomplished, a lead manager is

The Classification Of Fruits Marketing Essay

The Classification Of Fruits Marketing Essay The literature review carried out on this research contains information and data from different sources. Since there was very few numbers of literatures available on this topic locally, most of the information was gathered from the internet and through the internationally published journal articles. Some of the information was collected from locally published citations and through local institutions and organizations. The literature review attempts to make some relevant information of fruit processing sector, namely, fruit industry, consumption and trade, fruit processing, type of processes, industry and quality practices in developing countries and quality issues related to fruit processing industry. 2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS Fruits can be commonly classified according to the growing region as follows: tropical, subtropical and temperate-zone (Kader and Barret, 1996). The quality of fruit is mainly affected on growing region and most significantly the environmental conditions specific to each region. Listed below are the examples of fruit grown in each region. 2.2.1 Tropical Fruits Major tropical fruits: banana, mango, papaya, pineapple Minor tropical fruits: cashew apple, durian, guava, longan, lychee, mangosteen, passion fruit, rambutan, tamarind, sapota, carambola 2.2.2 Subtropical Fruits Citrus fruits: orange, lime, lemon, grapefruit, pummelo, tangerine, mandarin Non-citrus fruits: avocado, pomegranate, cherimoya, fig, kiwifruit, olive 2.2.3 Temperate-Zone Fruits Small fruits and berries: grape (European and American types), strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, blackberry, cranberry Pome fruits: Asian pear (nashi), European pear, apple, quince Stone fruits: plum, peach, cherry, apricot, nectarine Fruits are essential in the human diet. They contain compounds of nutritional importance, including vitamins which are not synthesized by the human body. Fruits serve as a rich source of energy, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibre. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Dietary Guidelines encourages consumers to choose fresh, frozen, dried or canned forms of a variety of colours and kinds of fruits. Fruits can be defined as the reproductive organs arising from the development of floral tissues with or without fertilization. 2.3 WORLD PRODUCTION OF TROPICAL FRUITS The availability of detailed information and reliable statistics is very less on tropical fruit production and world trade (Chang, 2007). Therefore, it constitutes a major constraint in the analysis of supply and demand trends of tropical fruits in the world market (Kortbech- Olesen, 1997; Chang, 2007; and FAO, 2008a). Most fruit producing countries do not have proper routinely record or collect data regarding tropical fruits that are basically produced and/or traded in small quantities (Chang, 2007; and FAO, 2008a). Therefore, production and trade data from reporting countries suffer from a lack of uniformity (FAO, 2003). Data on tropical fruit production, commercial applications and trade are difficult to be estimated when analysing the global reports, an attempt has been made in this dissertation report to analyse the global production, supply and demand trends of tropical fruits in the world market. In fact, the analysis gives much importance on the research study with regard to the development of fruit processing industry in our country to foresee the future of the fruit industry. According to the research report published by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources and Development has stated that worldwide fruit species of tropical and subtropical are estimated to be around 3,000. Moreover, they have revealed that 500 out of total fruit species are found in Asia. In South East Asia around 120 major and 275 minor species of tropical and subtropical fruits and nuts are found. The most interesting part of that publication is that around 200 species of fruits are remained undeveloped and underused. According to the report published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the world tropical fruits production reached 96.8 million tonnes in 2000 excluding banana. This production increased approximately 3.6% annually during the period 2000-2007 to reach 123.7 million tonnes in 2007 (FAO, 2008b). Tropical fruits production in 2004 represented 8.1% of the global world production of fresh fruits and vegetables (FAO, 2007). The annual increase of world production of tropical fruits has been estimated to be 1.7% (FAO, 2003; and Chang, 2007). The projected value of world production of tropical fruits is 139.2 million tonnes by 2014. Banana, mango, pineapple, papaya and avocado are the five major tropical fruit varieties produced and constitute the most important tropical fruit species produced worldwide which account for approximately 75% of the global fresh tropical fruit production (Chang, 2007). Asia consists of major producing region followed by Latin Americ a and the Caribbean and Africa. The world production of tropical fruits from these countries is estimated to be 98% (Ramiro, 2000; FAO, 2003; and Centeno, 2005). 2.4 CONSUMPTION AND TRADE OF TROPICAL FRUITS Approximately, 90% of all tropical fruits produced worldwide are consumed domestically. The remaining 10% of tropical fruits produced is traded as fresh, accounting for 5% or processed tropical fruit products, accounting for 5%. These processed tropical fruit products include dried or dehydrated fruit, frozen fruit, fruit juice, concentrate, pulp and puree which is further referred to as fruit juice and concentrate and canned fruit (Kortbech-Olesen, 1996; FAO, 2003; CBI, 2007a; and Chang, 2007). Although, the proportionally small quantities of tropical fruits traded internationally, the trade value of them is very significant. The total value of trade of fresh and processed tropical fruit products was estimated at 4.0 billion US dollars internationally in 2004 (Chang, 2007). The total international trade value of fresh tropical fruits amount was 4.7 billion US dollars in 2006. Moreover, an additional 1.3 billion US dollars accounted for the processed tropical fruit products. On the o ther hand, the value of international trade of bananas and plantains reached 5.6 billion US dollars in 2006 (Chang, 2008). Pineapple is the most dominating fruit in international trade in fresh and processed tropical fruits, with a significant growth in volume and value (Chang, 2007, 2008). Asia is the leading supplier of processed tropical fruit products. According to the trade data, it shows that Latin America and the Caribbean as the major exporters of fresh tropical fruits (Ramiro, 2000). The European Union (EU) is the largest import markets for both fresh and processed tropical fruits making the United States of America (USA) as the second largest. The both import markets are together accounting for approximately 75% of import of tropical fruits in world production (FAO, 2003; and Chang, 2007). The import of fresh fruits in the EU reached 26.4 million tonnes (8.6%) and 21.0 billion Euro (10.7%) for the concerned tropical fruits. Import volume of fresh tropical fruits in the EU can be cascaded as follows: pineapple-56.3%, mango-14.7%, avocado-13.2% and papaya-2.2%. The total is accounting for approximately 86% of all fresh tropical fruits imported in the EU in the year 2007 (Eurostat, 2005, 2006, 2008). The processed fruit products in the EU increased during the per iod 2003-2007, accounting for 10.5 million tonnes and 10.0 billion Euros in total imports in 2007. Fruit juice and concentrate of about 62.8% accounted for the largest group of processed fruit products in 2007 in terms of volumes and other processed fruit products accounted for: canned of about 24.8%, dried of about 6.8% and frozen of about 5.6% fruit (Eurostat, 2008). From the total import volume of processed tropical fruits in 2003 constituted 15.4% and it increased to 17.1% in 2007. One of the most internationally traded tropical fruit is banana which accounted for about one-fourth of 70.89 million tons in 2004 production sold overseas. The export of remaining tropical fruits is less than 10% of the total production. As the major exporters of banana, Ecuador, Costarica and the Philippines accounted for 85% of all tropical fruit exports. Volume of export grew up from less than 1% in 2002 to nearly 8% in 2004 (FAOSTAT, 2012). United States is the major market for banana, accounting 26% of world total production in 2004 followed by Germany and Japan. Mexico, India and Brazil represented the bulk of mango exports. The total volume exported increased in 2004 by a modest 5% in contrast to an enormous increase of 41% in 2003. The total exported amount of mango by Mexico is about 190 kilotons while the Brazil is about 140 kilotons. USA is the major importer of mangoes accounting for 35% while the EU accounting for 20%. Papaya is major tropical fruit with exports increased by 47% in 2004 compared with the year 2003. The largest exporter of papaya was Mexico accounting for 75 kilotons during the year 2004 followed by Malaysia accounting for 70 kilotons Brazil accounting for 40 kilotons. USA was the major papaya importer that accounted for 50% of the world total papaya production. Import demand for tropical fruits worldwide for the next decade is expected to increase, thus import volume is also projected to expand. The projected increase in exports of tropical fruits by FAO in 2014 indicates an annual increase in export volume by 1.4% for mango, 1.7% for pineapple, 2% for avocado and 5.6% for papaya while the USA, EU and Japan remain the largest import markets for tropical fruits. (Rita M. Fabro, ST Media Service) 2.5 FRUIT PROCESSING Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of many nutritional intakes to human beings and are widely consumed in varying amounts. Although it has been highly advised to have good consumptions of fresh, unprocessed fruit and vegetables it is not always realistic or possible. This may be due to the cost, availability and seasonality. Processing of fruits and vegetables is, therefore, necessary and in many ways desirable. The processed forms of fruits may be complemented the increase of overall consumption as well as enabling regular intake throughout the year instead of fresh produce. Fruits are highly perishable, therefore, they need kind of processing to aid their preservation. Processing (canning, drying, freezing, and preparation of juices, jams, and jellies) increases the shelf life of fruits and vegetables (Cantwell and Suslow, 1999). Processing steps include preparation of the raw material, cleaning, trimming, and peeling followed by dehydrating, canning, or freezing. Fruit process ing extends not only the shelf life but also results in value addition, generation of employments. This also enables vertical integration and diversification. Processing will, further, help to combine different ingredients, removal of inedible parts and carrying out other steps that consumer would do at home. 2.5.1 Fruit Products Canned juices, pulps, fruit drinks, jam, cordials, jelly, dried and dehydrated fruit products are the products that can be considered as direct fruit products in the current consumer market which are available locally as well as globally. Individual quick frozen (IQF) products do not fall in to the direct product category. The IQF products are globally used as substance for baby food manufacturing (cereals), bakery productions and confectionary manufacturing (chocolate). Depending on their applications, dehydrated fruits are also considered as a substance for the derived products as IQF products. 2.5.2 Types of Processes used in fruit processing Within the current trend in behaviours of consumers, it can be seen that the healthy eating and drinking (Datamonitor, 2007; and Hughes, 2008) have shown growing potentials. When aiming at satisfying health-related consumer needs and demands, the number and variety of processed fruits have substantially increased in the recent past. With the recent development in the technology, updated and modernized processing and preservation methods such as heating, drying or dehydration and freezing together with more commercialized varieties of processing techniques continue to serve the consumers with the increased varieties of processed fruit products. These achievements have been gained through new process protocols and products, new heating and freezing techniques, namely, microwave or ohmic heating, cryogenic freezing and radiation treatments. The trend in recent processed fruits is value addition through the increase of taste or flavour while retaining their nutritional value, making a nu mber of varieties of fruit products with longer and more consistent shelf life. The following describes the types of modern processing techniques those are being innovated and used by the developed countries in order to get competitive advantages over the developing countries in the international processed fruit market. xxxx-more neededxxxx 2.6 FRUIT INDUSTRY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES It has been evident that there is high potential growth and trend in fruit processing industry in many of the developing countries (DC) in Asia, Africa and former Soviet countries. The major trends on these DCs can be analysed on focusing the quality oriented aspects where it is a major concerned when exporting processed fruits to the developed countries especially European Union (EU), America and Japan. This will be beneficial to identify and indicate the major issues that are needed to be addressed in quality aspects when such products are exported. The fruit processing industry in the developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region is booming rapidly. This potential is due to the less trade barriers and agreements of global trade and increasing demand of consumers in developed countries. The reason for this boom is not merely for economical factors. This has major concerns regarding healthy, tasty and safe foods. The processed fruit industry is dealt with the challenge of being competitive in the international market where quality oriented aspects are of high concern. Many of the developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, however, have only a few fruit processing and exporting companies that are practising the modern quality assurance and improvement systems for fruit processing. Therefore, processed fruit products from such countries cannot cope in the international processed fruit market due to the lack of quality assurance and the products those have usually been declared to lower end markets. India accounts for a wide variety of fruits and vegetables production. It is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables production in the world while China ranks the first. It accounts roughly 10 and 15 per cent of fruits and vegetables in global production respectively. According to the report published by National Horticulture Board, during 2009-2010, India produced 71.52 million metric tonnes of fruits and 133.74 million metric tonnes of vegetables (National Horticulture Database in India, 2010). At present, the country processed around 2.2 per cent of fruits and vegetables, even though it is ranked as the second in the world in terms of production. When compared with other countries, the processed fruit and vegetable industry is comparatively low. In Brazil the processed fruit and vegetable industry is 30 per cent, USA 70 per cent and Malaysia 82 per cent. The major fruits cultivated in India are Banana, Mangos, Papaya, Grapes, Apple, Apricots, Orange, Water Melons, Avocados, Guava, Lichi, Sapota. Mango accounts for 40% of the national fruit production and India and one of the leading exporters to the global market. The positive growth in the global market for processed fruits and vegetables products (dried or preserved and dehydrated vegetables and fruits), ready to serve beverages, fruit juices and pulps has led the countrys economy towards new way. The existence of 4000 fruit processing units offers India tremendous export opportunities. During the period of 2010-2011, India has exported fruits and vegetables worth 7 million USD comprised of fruits worth 4.8 million USD and vegetables worth 2.2 million USD (National Horticulture Database in India, 2010). The major importers of Indian fruits and vegetables are UK, UAE, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Pakistan. Even though the share of India in the global market is still nearly 1% only, the tendency towards increasing acceptance of horticulture production is high in the country. The concurrent developments in cold chain infrastructure in the areas of state of the art technology and quality assurance measures have paved the way for this tremendous growth in this sector in India. Moreover, large investment funded by the private sector and public sector has also taken initiatives with Agricultural Processed Food Products Export Development Authority in India (APEDA). With APEDAs assistance, several centres for integrated post harvest handling and perishable cargoes facilities have been established in the country. Also in achieving these growth rates in processed food industry, the programmes like capacity building initiatives at the farmers, processors and exporters levels has also contributed towards this effort. As the Indian food processing industry is still largely based on primary processing accounting for 80% of the value addition, Indian government has set up a separate fully authorised ministry called Ministry of Food Processing Industries for the entire development and promotion of food processing industries within the country. Harvesting of fruits is widely practiced by manual methods due to the abundant supply of surplus agricultural labour. The fruits are mostly harvested by hand or by simple hand tools, Sorting and grading of fruits are done on a very limited scale and that are only based on visual inspection methods. Limited pre-cooling facilities are only available for grapes, strawberries etc. for exporting purposes. Indian farmers suffer from disfavour in growing fruits as it requires high initial investment and long gestation period. The yield of fruits and thereby return to the farmers are highly affected due to the poor quality of seeds and other planting material available . Low educational level together with poor technical training facilities has led the farmers to the reluctance of adaptation to the new technologies and it has always been a problematic area. These factors result in non-uniformity in quality of fruits produced in India. To ramp up the fruits and vegetables processing, the ministry is pumping financial support for setting up new units, modernization and up gradation of existing units in processed fruit industry. The Indian national policy targeted to increase the percentage of food processed in the country to 10% by 2010 and would aim 25% by 2025. When it is taken in to the consideration of Thailand processed fruits market, its major exporting market is the United States, the EU and South-East Asia. Thailand today is accounting for a significant amount for total horticultural exports from the country. This amount is about 50% together with processed vegetables. The most exported processed fruits by Thailand comprise of juiced and canned pineapple, canned banana from which 30% goes to the United States while 90% of fresh banana are from Hong-Kong and China. The United States and EU markets are the most prominent importers of dried and canned mango from Thailand and most fresh mango importers are Asian countries. The other factors that contribute to the growth in processed fruit industry in Thailand are: maintaining of high quality of processes, products and value addition with low cost by the use of modern technology for their processing industries. To face to the competitiveness in the demanding market environment in processed fruit industry, Thailand maintains relatively high standards in processes as well as in facilities. This is of much more importance as the quality aspects of processed fruits are very stringent in countries like European Union, USA, Japan etc. The practice of GMP, HACCP and other modern quality aspects in Thailand is higher compared with other Asian countries so that they gained competitive advantage over other countries to enter into the developed countries processed fruit market. The modern fruit processing industry in Bangladesh covers relatively small volumes of canned fruits, jams, jellies and dehydration of fruits. But the volume of production of jams and jellies are done in large quantities. Mainly the small entrepreneurs at the home or cottage scale level are engaged in this jams and jellies processing. Most of the larger companies have new facilities in fruit processing which operate more hygienically to conform with the good manufacturing practices (GMP) used by most of the food industry. When considering most of the facilities available in fruit processing sector in Bangladesh it seemed that there is a need of upgrading quality aspects, technology, processing techniques and requirement of considerable training on personnel who are engaged in the industry. 2.7 QUALITY PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES The developing countries in the world have shown a continuous growth in the fruit processing industry (FAOSTAT, 2009). The processed fruits and vegetables trade in international market is very large with an ever increasing number of different types which are processed and exported. Once the processing of fruits and vegetables was limited to mostly temperate zone climate types, but now the change has widened to include the types of tropical and subtropical species. There are many reasons for this change, but they can be broadly explained as the increase in consumers dietary habits in developed as well as in developing countries that have become more diverse. This is not merely due to the economical reasons of increase of per capita income but for the healthy, tasty and safe food consumption. The industry is facing to the challenges of being competitive in the international market where quality oriented aspects are of high concerns. The other reason for the change is the development an d growth in processing techniques. The processing of tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables have been improved to an extent where final product is palatable, nutritious and of long and reliable shelf life regardless of whether they are for drying, canning or freezing. Due to continuing demand for processed fruits and vegetables worldwide, many of the developing countries have taken advantages over it and earning valuable foreign exchange from exports of products to profitable markets around the globe. The quality control and inspection in this industry is very important and directed at ensuring that the final products have been processed in a registered establishment that is constructed, equipped and operated in a hygienic and efficient manner. The conformation to the requirements of the export regulations for processed fruits and vegetables and those of the importing country play a vital role with respect to the ingredients, quality grades, defects, packaging materials, sty les, contaminants, additives. Apart from these, the following aspects are also of high concerns when exporting the processed fruits and vegetables. They are: conformance to labelling requirements, drained weight, filling of container. Even though the aspects of quality matters are high in this industry, many of the enterprises engaged in this processed fruit industry are very few those who have equipped with modern quality assurance and improvement systems. Therefore, the developing countries with such kind of shortage in quality assurance systems in place lack their competitive edge in competing with other developed countries in international processed fruit market thus their product have usually been usually directed to lower end markets or in some cases products are abandon. This situation requires immediate attention to improve the quality aspects of the fruit processing industry where the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are in particularly of much importance in developing countries. These SME sector represents a large proportion of the fruit industry in the region. This requirement can be fulfilled by creating awareness among SMEs of modern concepts of quality assurance, good manufacturing practices-GMP and improved concepts such as hazard analysis and critical control point-HACCP and ISO 22000. Much stress is put on implementing such systems in the relevant industry. Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) can be applied in production and harvest while Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) can be especially applied during post-harvest and Quality and Safety Assurance Systems such as HACCP, throughout the entire food chain to avoid hazard and to control them. HACCP is currently recognized as global system for the management of food safety for all companies that are engaged in the processing, production, storage, and distribution of processed foods for the consumption of human beings. But most of the companies engaged in fruit processing industry are confronted with many technical issues, legal, socioeconomic and challenges in the process of adoption of HACCP or ISO 22000. Asian countries like, India, Thailand, Pakistan, Malaysia, Philippine and South American countries like Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, etc are in the continuous process of overcoming the barriers to the widespread adaptation of HACCP, ISO 22000 and other quality assurance systems in processed fruit and vegetable industry as this industry has now become the driving seat of the economy of most of the developing countries. Even though some of the enterprises who have been awarded with above certifications, their applications in practical scenario are questionable in most of the developing countries due to lack of awareness, competence and management support in implementation. Apart from these quality assurance systems, there are other quality systems that can be applied to the processed fruit and vegetable industry. Those quality systems are namely, Total Quality Management (TQM), Six sigma, The Toyota Way etc. In the recent past, quality experts have put forward the approaches, concepts and systems for addressing quality during manufacturing in all aspects. Total Quality Management (TQM), ISO 9000 and ISO 22000 have been set up in large manufacturing and service industries worldwide. Most of the processed fruit and vegetable manufacturing establishments have developed and implemented TQM or ISO 9000 or ISO 22000 series programmes in order to enhance their quality objectives. Details on applications of these quality programmes in the food industry have been reviewed recently (Surak, 1992, Battaglia, 1993; and Golomski, 1993). Since the lack of availability of literature on these quality assurance systems with regard to processed fruit and vegetable industry, their correct applicability in the fruit industry should be further studied. 2.7.1 Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Good manufacturing practices are the written procedures intended to be followed while the processing plant is constructed and when it is in operation to make sure the wholesomeness of foods. These practices are the minimum requirements of processing and sanitary conditions that should be followed in processing plants built on proper requirements. GMP includes the following requirements. They are: Cleanliness and sanitary for personnel involved in Building and facilities used in Equipment and utensils used in Food processing requirements and controls The requirements of cleaning and sanitation can be considered as a procedure involving the cleaning and sanitizing of the processing plant. Food processing and controls highlight the actual manufacturing operations which include cleaning, sorting, grading and packaging that can be applied to both fresh and processed foods. With the correct implementation of GMP will help to reduce the new forms of biological, chemical and physical contamination while eliminating existing contamination. The processing plants and facilities should be constructed as per the U.S. and European standards. These facilities should be used with approved materials and maintained under proper hygienic and sanitary requirements. The following of GMP will make sure that the foods produced in an establishment are healthy and wholesome for the consumption of human beings. The applicability of the GMP in processed fruit and vegetable sector is very useful for their quality assurance system and it establishes better perspectives in consumers minds regarding the products that they consume while keeping competitive in the market due to the proper quality of their products. This will lead to increase the revenue of a company who follows the GMP making more space to further development in GMP. 2.7.2 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) HACCP is a management tool that was developed in the United States in 1971 in space flight programmes to make sure the safety of foods (Ropkins and Beck, 2000). The technique used for ensuring food safety has become widely accepted in the food industry. Most of the government regulatory agencies, food manufacturers and world organizations such as WHO and FAO are following this tool for food industry and related industries (Perera and De Silva, 1999; Ropkins and Beck, 2000). North America, the European Union, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and many other countries have implemented the HACCP system today. Effective measures for ensuring the safety of foods and food products are the key aspects addressed by HACCP with regard to known hazards. HACCP has now become the basis for controlling and ensuring food safety in food manufacturing processes. It has become part of total quality assurance programs in the food industry and can be incorporated within an ISO 9000 quality system (BSI Q uality Assurance, 1991; Perera and De Silva, 1999; and Ropkins and Beck, 2000). The implementation of an HACCP programme in the fruit industry can lead to the identi ¬Ã‚ cation of known hazards that affect the safety of the  ¬Ã‚ nal product. The objectives of HACCP programme are the eliminating of those identified hazards at the earliest possible stages and at any subsequent stage of the manufacturing or production system (Alli, 1993; Perera and De Silva, 1999). In the fruit industry, there are wide varieties of known hazards. In fresh, frozen or canned fruit, the detriments associated with the product might vary in signi ¬Ã‚ cant amount depending on the types of products. Also, the HACCP is not a stand-alone system where it requires GMP as a pre-requisite to be in place before HACCP is applied. With the successfully implemented HACCP system having a proper monitoring will make sure the effective control of hazards as well as public health risks. This will ultimately lead to improved food safety. As all the known hazards are taken care by HACCP procedures in any production line, it helps to improve product and process efficiency, reduces waste and reduces the need for rework in the production lines. This cuts down on cost, enhance sales performance and improve consumer con ¬Ã‚ dence in the product. The relative significance in quality and safety of processed fruits are directly connected to the level of quality of the incoming fresh fruits which are used in subsequent processing. The incoming fruits must meet certain minimum speci ¬Ã‚ cations to avoid microbial contaminations, impurities and the general appearance which are used in production. It is of much importance that the suppliers follow an HACCP procedure to make sure that all raw materials coming in shall meet the desired speci ¬Ã‚ cations of producers of processed fruits such as canned, frozen and modi ¬Ã‚ ed atmosphere packaged (MAP